glass design
Based on the client’s ideas regarding the visual appearance of the glazing in terms of shape and geometry, as well as color and reflection, but also the specifications for the transmission values for solar and thermal protection, I determine the possible detailed glass structure that can be used for the production of the panes, taking into account the appropriate manufacturing processes.

feasibility studies
Determination of critical glazing and development of proposals to demonstrate manufacturability or, alternatively, changes to the design to reduce existing risks.
Development of assembly concepts or checking the feasibility of suppliers‘ assembly concepts.

technical design
Calculation of the required glass thicknesses and development of possible combinations for the glass structure of the panes with the design pressures and the size of the window opening on the basis of applicable standards and regulations.

bonding arrangement
Analysis of the adhesive requirements for panes and glazing joined to the ship using the “structural glazing method”. The calculation is based on the values for the local deformation of the ship’s hull in the area of the window openings as well as acceleration in rough seas, aging and other relevant variables, taking into account the internationally applicable standards and regulations for the dimensions of the adhesive joints for connecting the glass to the ship’s hull.

individual specification
Based on the ship’s General Arrangement Plan (GA), a window plan is created with unique item numbers. This glass list lists each pane with its production-relevant details. Preparation of the tender texts for the so-called TOS (Technical Order Specification) and the specification for the requirements for the visual quality of the glazing.

glass approvals
Analysis and classification of the glazing in the existing design drafts according to compliance, production method and integration or connection to the ship’s structure.

monitoring of glass production
Inspection of production quality during ongoing production using quality assurance plans, test samples or production reports to proof technical and mechanical
properties of the units. The finished glass is checked for compliance with the specification for visual quality during final acceptance at the factory. The test reports form the basis for deciding whether glazing has been accepted, needs to be reworked or needs to be produced again.

class approved ultrasound tightness inspections
Inspections to check the tightness and quality of joints or seals for windows, doors and shell-doors

• approved process
• approved and calibrated measuring equipment
• certified operator
• non-destructive testing
• approved method to replace the ‚hose test‘.

monitoring of installation processes
Supervision of the installation of the glazing with regard to

• Qualification of fitters for the respective assembly or bonding classification
• Compliance with the processes defined in the work instructions
• Behavior and measures in the event of deviations
• Documentation, work samples, evaluation
• Installation damage to the panes themselves or to external trades

regular inspections
Carrying out inspections to assess the condition of assemblies that are subject to expected wear. This applies in particular to assemblies that are unregulated, i.e. that have been approved on the basis of a special authorisation.
Inspections include, for example

• Visual condition check and report
• Comparative analogue and / or digital measurements
• Class-approved Ultrasonic sound inspections of adhesions and / or seals
• Recommendation of measures based on deviations / damage

inspections to assess the condition of windows and glazing, considering usual or abnormal wear and ageing

• Regular inspections to assess the condition and measures for improvement or repair
• Inspection of the glazing and its frame construction, bonding and seals for damage that affects aesthetics, function or safety
• Detailed cataloguing of the condition and classification of anomalies
• Determination of the measures required to repair or eliminate anomalies and damage

damage inspections for evaluation of cause of damages and measures for repair

• Inspection of defective windows and glazing to determine the cause of damage Detailed inspection report
• detailed, informative inspection reports
• determination of measures and actions for repair or replacement
• assessment of the costs and schedule